What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The U.S. Congress is composed of two distinct chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure was established by the Constitution and plays an essential role in the legislative process of the United States.

The Senate consists of two senators from each state, regardless of population, which helps to ensure equal representation for all states in the federal legislative process. On the other hand, the House of Representatives is made up of representatives allocated to states based on their population, making this chamber directly responsive to the constituents' wishes. This system of having two chambers allows for a balance of power and a thorough examination of proposed legislation.

The other choices incorrectly name entities that do not exist within the U.S. Congress. The House of Commons and House of Lords are parts of the Parliament in the United Kingdom, while the National Assembly is found in several countries but does not pertain to the U.S. legislative framework. Therefore, recognizing the Senate and the House of Representatives as the two components of Congress is crucial for understanding how the U.S. government functions.