What is meant by the "rule of law"?

The phrase "rule of law" refers to a fundamental principle that ensures that all individuals, including government officials, are accountable to the law. This concept asserts that the law applies equally to everyone, regardless of their status or position. Thus, no person or entity, including those in power, is exempt from legal accountability. This prevents arbitrary governance and abuse of power, promoting fairness and justice within a society.

In contrast, the other choices do not encapsulate this principle accurately. The notion that only leaders must follow the law undermines the core idea of equal accountability. Similarly, stating that only citizens must follow the law ignores the responsibility of all individuals, including government officials. Lastly, suggesting that the government has discretion over the law implies that it can selectively enforce laws, which contradicts the fundamental meaning of the rule of law that requires uniform application of laws to all.